Revealed in preschool and before adolescence, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD ) induces specific behavioral responses in children that are generally disproportionate. Classified as mild to severe depending on the number of contexts in which it is expressed, it rarely occurs in isolation, and is often associated with another pathology or disorder, such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity).
What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
Children with ODD show a pattern of provocative, angry and resentful behavior that is persistent and frequent. In concrete terms, this can take the form of active opposition (categorical refusal, without worrying about not complying with requests or solicitations), passive opposition (apparent agreement, even if he ends up voluntarily scorning the request) and passive aggressive opposition (apparent agreement, but his behavior shows the opposite).
Whatever form TOP takes, opposition is spontaneous and impulsive, while provocative behavior is calculated.
The keys to diagnosis, frequency and persistence
In preschool and before adolescence, children experience periods of opposition as part of their normal development. During childhood, these periods allow for individual development, but end around the age of 5. In adolescence, they assert their position as thinking individuals, with their own opinions and views.
To distinguish these classic (and necessary) oppositions from those of a TOP, frequency and persistence play an essential role The diagnostic criteria stipulate that these behaviors must occur, for at least 6 months, on a daily basis before the age of 5, and at least once a week beyond this age.
At the same time, the diagnosis must be reinforced by a set of specific behaviors and moods that have a significant impact on the individual or his or her family, social, educational or professional environment.
Almost one in two ADHD children also has an ODD
Rarely isolated, in 40% to 50% of cases ODD is associated with ADHD. In other words, almost one in two ADHD children also has ODD. The symptoms of ADHD vary enormously from one child to another: one of the symptoms – inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity – may predominate, or even be absent altogether, making diagnosis sometimes difficult. But a child with ADHD due to impulsivity may overreact in certain contexts, bringing these symptoms closer to a possible ODD.
However, it’s important to understand the difference between these two disorders : ADHD children suffer from a dysfunction and don’t respond appropriately to the situation. Driven by their impulsive nature, they act without considering the consequences of their words or actions. But unlike ODD children, who will deny responsibility and blame others, ADHD children will be sorry and accept the consequences.
In the case of ODD and/or ADHD, it is strongly recommended that you consult a
psychologist
to better support these behaviours. As a parent, this professional can also help you to better understand them and help your child on a daily basis.
